非典型句型

形式与功能
第9/9页
上一页我们看到的句型都是典型或经典句型。但你们会经常碰到并不遵循这些模式的句子。下面我们就来看看其中的一些。


外置

主语有时被延后放到句末。例子如下:

In first place is Red Rum 跑在首位的是红朗姆
Inside the house were two detectives屋子里有两名侦探
More important is the question of compensation
更重要的是赔偿问题

这里,典型陈述句的语序被打乱,以便增强文体效果。这些例子中的主语位于动词之后,这一现象我们称之为”外置”。将它们与更为常见的句型进行比较:

In first place is Red Rum跑在首位的是红朗姆 ~Red Rum is in first place红朗姆跑第一位
Inside the house were two detectives屋子里有两名侦探 ~Two detectives were inside the house两名侦探在屋子里
More important is the question of compensation更重要的是赔偿问题 ~The question of compensation is more important赔偿问题更为重要

句子由先行词it引导时,主语也被外置:

It is a good idea to book early 早预订是个好主意
It is not surprising that he failed his exams
他没能通过考试并不奇怪

如果使用更常见的句型,就文体来说句子听上去会很别扭:

To book early is a good idea
That he failed his exams is not surprising

外置不只关系到文体。下例中的外置是必须的。

It seems that he'll be late again看上去他还会迟到 ~*That he'll be late again seems
It turned out that his secretary had stolen the money 结果发现他的秘书偷了钱 ~*That his secretary had stolen the money turned out

直接宾语也可以被外置。回想一下,它们的典型位置是在动词之后(句型2)。不过,当使用先行词it时,直接宾语外置:

He made it very clear that he would not be coming back 他说的很清楚,他不会再回来

同样,常规句型在文体上非常别扭

*He made that he would not be coming back very clear


分裂句

David studied English at Oxford(大卫在牛津学习英语专业)这样的陈述句可以重新造句:

It was David who studied English at Oxford 在牛津学习英语专业的是大卫

这句话被称作分裂句,因为原句被分解(或“分裂”)成两个从句:It was David以及who studied English at Oxford。分裂句强调原句的某个成分,将其置于it was(或者it is)之后。这里我们强调的是主语David,但我们也可以强调直接宾语English:

It was English that David studied at Oxford 大卫在牛津学的是英语专业

或者强调修饰语at Oxford

It was at Oxford that David studied English 大卫学习英语专业的地方是在牛津

分裂结构的句型为:

It + be + 强调部分+ 从句


短语内部的功能...

    


copyright The Survey of English Usage 1996-1998