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独立形容词Absolute Adjective

形容词原形,区别于比较级与最高级。例如big,与之相对照的是比较极bigger与最高级biggest
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抽象名词Abstract Noun

抽象名词指代无形的实体,包括love(爱), optimism(乐观), truth(真理), freedom(自由), belief(信仰), hope(希望) 以及communism(共产主义)
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主动Active

动词语态中的一种,另一种为被动语态。
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附加副词Additive Adverb

提供两个或更多选项的一类副词。例如You either leave or stay走要么留)。.
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形容词Adjective

一种开放性词类,用“定语”形容词 (a red car) 或“表语”形容词 (my car is red)来表达事物的属性。
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形容词短语Adjective Phrase

形容词为中心词的短语(例如proud骄傲, good好, happy快乐)。中心词可以前置修饰(very good很好),某些中心词可以后置修饰(proud of you为你骄傲),或者两者都可以(very proud of you很为你骄傲)。
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修饰语Adjunct

从句或短语里可选择的成分。在从句中通常描述事情是如何、何时或何地发生的(John ran quickly约翰, David retired when he was sixty大卫六十岁时退休, We met him in the cinema我们在电影院遇见他)。

副词Adverb

一种开放性词类,包括happily(快乐地), slowly(缓慢地), quietly(安静地), now(现在), 以及very(非常)。副词可以修饰形容词(例如very big很大), 其他副词 (例如very quietly很安静地) 或者动词 (例如John walked slowly约翰缓慢地走过)。
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副词短语Adverb Phrase

以副词为中心词的短语。副词短语中,中心词可以前置修饰(例如too quietly过于安静地, quite carefully相当仔细地 ); 可以后置修饰(例如 carefully enough足够仔细地)。同样也可以两者兼有(例如very luckily for us对我们来说很幸运的是)。
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施动者Agent

实施动词所描述的动作的实体(John kicked the ball约翰踢球)。在被动句式中施动者可以不出现(The ball was kicked)。
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无施动者的被动句Agentless Passive

在典型的被动句式中,施动者出现在by-短语中:The ball was kicked by John(球被约翰踢)。在无施动者的被动句中,by-短语不出现。
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一致Agreement

通常指的是主语-动词一致,表示动词词尾与名词数一致 (the dog barks / the dogs bark)。一致原则只适用于现在时。也被称为“统一”。
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选择疑问句Alternative Interrogative

提出两个或更多选项的疑问句,如Should I telephone or send an email?(我该打电话还是发电子邮件?)。
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先行词itAnticipatory it

先行词it占据主语的位置,先行于主语,主语则后移。例如,It's true that she has finished with Mike她和麦克分手了一事是真的)。本例中的主语it替代了外置的从句 that she has finished with Mike。试比较That she has finished with Mike is true。
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动词的体Aspect

动词体指的是动词所表示的动作在时间方面的特点。
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隐性并列Asyndetic Coordination

隐性并列包含两个或更多并列项,中间不由并列连词联接。例如Slowly, carefully, the thief crept towards the diamond缓慢地小心地,小偷向钻石的方向爬过去)。
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定语形容词Attributive Adjective

形容词如果出现在其修饰的名词之前,称作定语形容词 (a delicious taste可口的味道, an entertaining film有趣的电影)
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助动词Auxiliary Verb

助动词(或“辅助动词”)与主动词同时出现。例如(1) Sue has made a chocolate cake(苏做了巧克力蛋糕) (2) Kate is talking to her boss(凯特正和老板谈话) (3) I do not like beans (我不喜欢豆子) (4) The cat was chased by the blackbird(猫被乌鸫追逐) (5) You must eat your beans你必须把你的豆子吃掉)。
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