On the representation of scope in Chinese
中文范距现象的表现方式
C.-T. James Huang 黄正德

Abstract 摘要
Recent studies have shown that interpretation of sentences can be largely obtained from surface structures. In Chinese, it has been proposed (by S. F. Huang 1981) that a principle involving the surface left-to-right order of constituents governs the scope facts concerning quantifiers and other logical elements. This paper argues that such a principle lacks generality and is both unnecessary and insufficient. The facts that fall under the linear principle are shown to fall under an independently motivated hierarchical principle involving “c-command”, which is further shown to be of greater generality than the former. Further, the paper argues that the relevant level of scope representation is not SS, but more precisely LF. The evidence adduced to support this claim also demonstrates the existence of certain abstract mapping rules operating between SS and LF.

语法中的范距现象近来有不少学者讨论。随着语法理论的最新发展，一般均同意句子的语意内容，绝大部分已直接表现于表层结构之中。黄宣范教授 (1981) 最近主张中文数量词的相互范距完全可由数量词在表层结构中的前后位置来决定。本文指出此项仅涉及词序的规则既不够周全，亦无必要；较为周全的规则应涉及词组结构中词组与词组的支配（C-Command）的关系。同时，本文列举四种证据，说明表层结构仍不能充分表示范距现象，而必须经过若干运作程序变成逻辑式 (Logical Form) 之后，才能将所有现象表示出来。

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