Mandarin case marking: A localistic lexicase analysis
普通话的 '格标记' 系统方位成分的词格分析
Stanley Starosta 师德乐

Abstract 摘要
This paper is a localistic lexicase analysis of the case-marking system of Mandarin Chinese. Mandarin case-marking devices include word order, localistic verb subcategories, derived and underived prepositions, and free and bound relator nouns. Mandarin relator nouns, relator noun pseudocompounds, and prepositions are subcategorized by a set of localistic features, and the possible syntactic combinations of preposition plus ‘location word’ are treated as an integrated system of virtual matrices of localistic features which characterize the grammatical properties of Mandarin oblique actants. Finally, two of the bound relator nouns, -.shàng and -.lǐ, are found to qualify as case inflection suffixes.

本文主旨是用笔者所发明的‘词格语法’(lexicase) 模式来说明汉语‘格’的标记系统。‘词格语法’是一种以‘方位成分’来分析语言的理论，内容大致是说，‘格形式’（除了主宾格之外）不单只是一种形式，它本身也具有自己意义上的特性。每一个‘格关系’都有某些语法的方法来表示它的存在。这些方法就叫做‘格标记’。过去，研究普通话的学者，一般都认为普通话仅仅采用两种‘格标记’，就是（一）词序，（二）前置词。但是笔者觉得也应接受另外三种‘格标记’：（三）动词类，（四）名词类，（五）格变化。

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