Reconstruction of tones in the Song dynasty
宋姜白石词旁谱所见四声调型
Rujie You 游汝杰

Abstract 摘要
Tone is the main suprasegmental feature of Chinese. The musical rhythm and melody of traditional Chinese poems and vocal music works are built on the basis of tones of characters. This paper attempted to reconstruct the four tones in the Song Dynasty on the basis of musical scores attached to the seventeen ci (词) written by the famous poet and musician Jiang Baishi (姜白石 1155-1221). Since ci （词）is poetry written to certain tunes with strict tonal patterns and rhyme schemes, the rising and falling of music scales in the procession of music compositions may help us reconstruct the patterns of the tones. The proposed contours of the four tones are as follows: level, falling, rising and fast closing level.

宋姜夔（约1155－1221）着《白石道人歌曲》六卷，其中有十七首词自注旁谱，这是现存唯一的宋词乐谱。它所注的是当时的俗字谱，字形怪异，元明时代没有人解读。自清代方成培以后，一百多年来中外学者相继考辨，成绩斐然。近人夏承焘权衡诸家之得失，考证更加严谨详核，并将其译为今工尺谱。音乐史家杨荫浏在乐律方面的考证尤称细密，更将其译为五线谱。至此这十七首词的乐谱已经完全破译。

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