The tonal system of Chinese regulated verse
中国律诗声调的系统
Donna Jo Napoli

Abstract 摘要
At least three distinct approaches to the analysis of Chinese regulated verse have appeared in the literature of the past half century: linear, metrical tree, and metrical grid. Wang Li (1957), Downer and Graham (1963), T’sou (1968), and Jakobson (1970) have all offered linear accounts of this verse, and all of these accounts have been argued to be inadequate in Chen 1979. Chen gives the second approach: he applies generative theories of meter that were developed in more recent years and comes up with a tree analysis that has received wide acclaim (as in Graham 1980, Yip 1980a & b, Xue 1989). While some linguists have offered explicit criticisms of varying parts of Chen’s analysis (such as Liu 1980, Schlepp 1980b), others have offered evidence that goes counter to certain details of Chen's analysis without citing Chen's work (Boyce 1980, Cheung 1980, Ripley 1980). But only two works that I know of have offered entire alternative analyses to Chen's. One is the linear analysis in Lorentz 1980; the other is the metrical grid analysis in Napoli 1989. In this paper I argue that no single approach, whether linear, arboreal, or grid, is adequate to account for all aspects of Chinese regulated verse.

上半世纪的研究论着，对律诗的分析至少有三种不同的探讨方法线性的分析，诗韵律的树状图和诗韵律的格子状分布。王力(1957), Downer和Graham（1963）, T’sou (1968)，以及Jakobsen（1970）都对律诗提出线性的描述，1979年Chen指出所有的这些描述都缺少足够的立足点。Chen提出第二个探讨方法：他用的是诗节奏有繁殖能力的理论；这是较近几年发展出来的树状图分析法。这种分析法受到广泛的赞扬（如Graham 1980，Yip 1980a 和 b，Xue 1989）。一些语言学家对Chen论文中不同部分提出明晰的批评（如Liu1980，Schlepp 1980b）；也有一些语言学家对Chen某些分析的细节提出相反的证据，但是没有指明是针对Chen的文章（如Boyce 1980，Cheung 1980，Ripley 1980），据我所知，目前只有两篇文章针对Chen的理论，提出对律诗完全不同的另外一套分析；一篇是Lorentz 1980年提出的线性分析，一篇Napoli 1989年的诗韵律格子状分析。在这篇文章里，我论证如果只采用一种分析法，不管是线性的也好，树状图的也好，格子状分布的也好，都不能涵盖中国律诗的各个方面，得过来看，树状图的方法最适合分析韵脚的形态，线性分析法最适合声调形态的研究。

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