Justifying part-of-speech assignments in Mandarin Chinese
为划分汉语词类提供理论依据
James D. McCawley 马神武

Abstract 摘要
An attempt is made to provide a universal basis for cross-linguistic identification of parts of speech in terms of implicational universals and prototypes. Some classes of Mandarin Chinese words whose assignment to particular parts of speech is controversial are reexamined in light of the proposed universals. The following conclusions are reached: (i) auxiliary verbs are Vs; (ii) most of the so-called `coverbs' are Ps, but some are Vs; (iii) `localizers' such as shang I xia / Ii and words such as yrqidn, yrisbis are Ns, not Ps; (iv) the various words that have from time to time been classed as As are Vs and do not even make up a subclass of Vs that can be charac-terized in syntactic terms.

本文尝试在包含性的范畴内提出一个鉴别词类的通用的基础，本文对一些词类属性有争议的词在本文提出的鉴别词类的通用的基础之上进行了研究，得出的结论是：（一）助动词是Vs；（二）所谓"Coverb"的大多数是Ps，但是有一些是Vs；（三）诸如［上／下／里］这些方位词和［以前／以后］一类词是Ns，不是Ps；（四）一些经常划为As的词实际上是Vs，它们甚至不构成Vs中具有特定句法特性的一个次词类。

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