Periodization in Northwest Chinese Dialect History
西北方言史断代
W. South Coblin 柯蔚南

Abstract 摘要
This paper suggests a periodization scheme for northwest Chinese dialect history, from the immediate post-Han period to the present. For the purposes of the discussion, the northwest area is divided into two major sub-regions, i.e. the Guanzhong plain of southern Shaanxi and the Gansu corridor. The scheme is of necessity built around available textual materials from successive historical periods, emphasizing those stages which appear most clearly in the sources. It takes as its basis phonology rather than syntax or lexicon, since the latter two areas are not well represented in pre-moderm texts. The suggested periodization consists of seven stages, i.e. Stage I. Pre-Old Northwest Chinese (ca. 280 A.D.), Stage II. Old Northwest Chinese (ca. 400), Stage III. Sui-Tang Chang'an (580-650), Stage IV. Mid-Tang Chang'an and Mid-Tang Shazhou (700-800), Stage V. Late Tang Chang'an and Shazhou proper (800-1000), Stage VI. Post-Shazhou (twelfth century), and Stage VII. the Modern Period.

本文介绍西北方言历史的演变过程，并以此历史过程加以断代。说讨论的年代，由汉末三国开始，至现代为止。地域包括陕西关中与甘肃走廊。断代工作着重于资料丰富的时期。由于词汇和句法方面的材料缺乏，乃以声韵演变为断代之标准。所划分出来的历史阶段总之如下：一，前古代西北话阶段（公元280年左右）二，古代西北话阶段（公元400年左右）三，隋唐长安阶段（公元580-650年）四，盛唐长安与前沙州阶段（公元700-800年）五，晚唐长安与沙州阶段 (公元800-1000年) 六，后沙州阶段（公元1200年左右）七，现代方言阶段。

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