Tone and Tone: Appling Musical Elements to Chinese Words
(字)调与(乐)调: 在中国字上加各种音乐成分的举例
Rulan Chao Pian 卞赵如兰

Abstract 摘要
My presentation is basically an elaboration on the paper written by Yuen Ren Chao about the various types of relationship between the word tone in Chinese language and the musical tone. Since Chao gave his paper only in written form, an oral demonstration of his examples can make his points much more lively. On some of his points, I also felt that they deserve a few more illustrations for more clarity and emphasis. There is also an important issue of the manipulation of the so-called tune-types, which concerns a basic melodic pattern that can be altered and elaborated as needed in actual performances. Chao discussed this briefly on poetry chanting. On this, I have discussed at some length, applying it also to Chinese traditional dramatic music, and provided additional examples to illustrate this phenomenon.

父亲赵元任写过一篇文章讲中国语言的声调和音乐之间的各种关系。本文主要是根据这篇文章再多加一些举例因为这种问题，在纸上讨论，不如用实际口头上的发音那么生动。并且对于某些论点多加一些举例也可以更清楚，更有效。原文中谈到吟诗，提起一个很重要的音乐问题。就是关于所谓的“总调”的用法。譬如一小段很简单的基本旋律，可以根据各种需要来加花，改造。关于这一点，我利用了很多戏剧方面的例子，比较详细的讨论了一番。

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