The Analysis of the Exceptional Cases after yan 严 and fan 凡 Rhyme Sets Separated in Middle Chinese
“严" 及 “凡”开合分韵后例外字的分析
Guey-lin Chen 陈贵麟

Abstract 摘要
The purpose of this paper is to solve an unsettled question on the few unusual rhyme words in the proto-form of Yan 严 and Fan 凡 rhyme sets. The few words can not be taken as a proof of violating the principle of the complimentary distribution because they come from the different sources. In the view point of the structural analysis and reconstruction rule, I study the Qie-yun 切韵 rhyme books and reach my conclusion. The rhyme sets of Yan 严 and Fan 凡 would be complimentary perfectly on labials if the Fan 凡 rhyme set were not mixed with dialectal words and elusive words from Archaic to Middle Chinese. It would be better to say that the few words on dentals and gutturals are very sporadic and should be treated as exceptional cases. These exceptional cases, though very complicated, may be summed up that they result from the two-syllable words, the abnormal dialectal words from Qin rhyme-base 侵部, and the new rhyme words misplaced in the rhyme book. They should be removed in the reconstructed process of Yan 严 and Fan 凡 rhyme sets. In some versions of Qie-yun 切韵, like Wang Ren-xu 王仁昫 rhyme book, its Shang-sheng 上声 words of Yan 严 are diffused from another Yan 琰 and its Qu-sheng 去声 words of Yan 严 are diffused from another Fan 梵. Those words drifting into the accidental gap of Yan 严 rhyme set will not interfere with the reconstruction rule of Yan 严 and Fan 凡 rhyme sets.

本文针对中古严、凡两个韵组是否同出一源的问题，指出其关键在于似乎违反互补分布原则的少数字音其实是一种异质成分。笔者从结构分析和历史重构两个角度，勘验中古韵书的语料，得到以下的结论：严、凡两个韵组在声母上原本是以唇音为条件互相补充分布的。少数的异质成分经过分析之后，得知是凡韵组在中古之前混入了上古方音和单字杂合音。这些字音出现在舌、牙、喉音，有的是联绵词拆解后的单音节字音，有的是侵部个别字的异常演变，有的是后增小韵，都不能列入重建上古音的基本成分。至于版本系统中王韵的严韵上声字来自早期传本的琰韵，去声字由早期传本的梵韵，那是属于一种偶然空缺(accidental gap)的填补现象，虽然在填补的过程中有一些离散式音变的迹象，但是还不至于干扰到音韵系统中严、凡韵组的重构规律。

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