Grammaticalization of Verbs in Mandarin Chinese
汉语动词的虚化
Janet Zhiqun Xing 邢志群

Abstract 摘要
This study demonstrates that many processes of syntactic and semantic change discussed in the literature (e.g. Traugott and Heine 1991, Hopper and Traugott 1993, Heine 1993, Bybee et al. 1994) occur in the grammaticalization of Chinese verbs. In addition to that, there are a number of significant tendencies in the grammaticalization of Chinese verbs compared with those from typologically different languages. For instance, semantic categories vary among the verbs that enter into grammaticalization; the source meaning does not determine the path of grammaticalization; and grammaticalization does not entail desemantization. Evidence is presented to show that all verbs investigated in this study have undergone three stages of syntactic reanalysis: serialization, de-centralization, and functionalization. As to semantic change, pragmatic inferencing plays a crucial role throughout the process of all cases of grammaticalization. It is argued that this is primarily attributed to the isolating nature of the Chinese language.

本文阐明汉语动词虚化的过程与以往学者们讨论的各种句法和语义变化的过程有很多相同之处。但是，汉语动词虚化跟汉语不同类型的语言的动词虚化相比还有一些特有的演变趋势。例如：虚化之前动词语义的类型不定；虚化动词的本义并不能决定此动词虚化的过程；还有，虚化并不意味着义化。本文用大量的例句论证说明汉语虚化的动词都会经过三次句法演变：兼语化，偏正化，和虚词化。在语义演变的过程中，语言使用者对动词在语文中的推论理解在所有的虚化例子中都起着决定性的作用。这一点笔者认为可能是由于汉语本身的特点造成的。

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