The Co-Occurrence of dou (都) and mei (每) in Mandarin Chinese
现代汉语 "都" 和 "每" 的共存现象
Fu-Wen Lin 林甫雯

Abstract 摘要
The co-occurrence of dōu 'all/each' and měi 'every', both of which are generally assumed to be distributive, attracted much attention during the past two decades (Lee (1986), Yeh (1986), Hsieh (1994), Huang (1994, 1996), J. Lin (1996, 1998), etc.). Still, the nature of the phenomenon is highly disputed. This paper examines under what conditions the presence of dōu is obligatory when there is a preverbal argument involving měi. With the grammaticality difference of dōu-sentences in regard to the numeral component in a měi-phrase, I argue that in Mandarin Chinese there exist two determinatives, in Chao's (1968) terminology, both involving the morpheme měi: One is měi, a Specifying Determinative, and the other is měi(yī) (每(一)), a Quantitative Determinative. Only in sentences with a preverbal argument involving the latter determinative is the presence of dōu obligatory. And, with the grammaticality difference of dōu-sentences in regard to the classifier component in a měi(yī)-phrase, I show that if the classifier is sortal and the head predicate is of group-subcategorizing type, then the sentence is ungrammatical even with dōu.

在某些现代汉语句子中[每]和[都]必须同时出现。对于这个现象，过去二十年，仅管已经有很多学者提出相当有趣的假设和分析（Lee （1986），Yeh（1986），Hsieh（1994），Huang（1994，1996）and J. Lin （1996，1998）），[每][都]这两个虚词和该类型句子的特性仍有争议之处。笔者观察[每]字词组的数词与[都]字的语法妥当性的关系，认为现代汉语有两个定词与[每]字有关：一为[每]，一为[每（一）]。定词是[每（一）]时，[都]字才一定要出现。笔者进一步观察[每]字词组的量词与[都]字句语法妥当性与之间的关系，归纳出：如果[每]字词组的定词是[每（一）]，量词是个体量词 (sortal classifier)，而且谓语的中心语是具有[羣]次类划分属性 (group-subcategorizing type) 的述词，即使[都]字出现,该句在语法上还是不妥当。（有关[羣]次类划分属性述词与[和]次类划分属性 (sum-subcategorizing type) 述词的讨论，请看第四小节。）

Subject Keywords 关键词

Adverb of scope and quantity 范围数量副词“都” Quantitative determinative 'mei' 数量限定词“每” Specifying determinative 指定限定词 Predicates of sum-subcategorizing type 有“和”次类划分属性的述词

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