THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE STRATA IN LANGUAGE EVOLUTION: THREE HAINAN MIN DIALECTS
語言層次與語言演變：三種海南閩語的啟示
Bit-chee Kwok　郭必之

Abstract 摘要
Intrigued by the various special features displayed in three Hainan Min dialects, the author of this paper has tried to figure out the role of stratification in language development. I have identified three main phonological strata for the words under examination, and have pointed out that the proto-forms of the Hainan Min are not homogeneous in nature. Competition and diffusion among different strata do not always result in similar developments in every dialect. The same word may have been derived from an older stratum in one dialect, but from a new stratum in another. In my attempt to define the rules underlying the competition, I make use of the notion "basic words". The paper concludes with an observation that in order to adequately account for the development of Chinese dialects the traditional family-tree model needs further modification.

提要：本文根據中古澄母字在三種海閩語的表現，嘗試說明語言層次在語言演變中所擔當的角色。我們把澄母字分為三個主要層次，並指出這些層次早在原是海南閩語階段已經存在。層次的競爭，滲邊，在不同的方言里不一定會有相同的結果，好像同一個字，在甲方言裡它源於早期的層次，在其他方言裡它可以來自較晚的層次。文中也討論了影響競爭結果的規律。海南閩語告訴我們：傳統的＂譜系樹＂模型並不完全適用於描述漢語方言的發展。文音結尾提出了一些修訂的方案。

Subject Keywords 關鍵詞

Language Strata 語言層　Hainan Min 海南閩語　Basic words 基本詞匯

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