NOUN CLASSIFIERS IN KAM AND CHINESE KAM-TAI LANGUAGES: THEIR MORPHOSYNTAX, SEMANTICS AND HISTORY
侗語和中國壯侗語言的名量詞：語素句法，語義和歷史
Matthias Gerner　馬嘉思

Abstract 摘要
The aim of this study is to analyse the system of Kam noun classifiers in synchronical typological and diachronical pan-Kam-Tai perspective. While Kam is at the center stage of this investigation, additional data are presented from a survey of 22 Kam-Tai languages which belong to four nationalities in the P.R. of China: the Dong, Bouyei, Shui and Zhuang nationalities. The main morphosyntax function of these Chinese Kam-Tai languages is to occur in quantificational constructions (numeral and quantifier) and in referential expressions (indefiniteness, demonstrative pronouns and nominalization). Classifiers in Chinese Kam-Tai languages appear in pre-nominal position and stand in constrast to classifiers of the Kam-Tai languages located in Burma, Thailand and Vietnam which typically project the classifier into post-nominal position. Concerning the semantics of classifier systems, the Chinese Kam-Tai languages involve animacy as primary parameter, dimensionality (shape) as secondary parameter, and functionality (or instrumentality) as tertiary parameter. The sound structure of a number of core-classifiers displays a surprisingly homogenous picture across the range of Kam-Tai languages surveyed.

本文研究的目的是對侗語名詞在現時類型學方面和全壯侗語系歷史性方面進行了分析。侗語是本文研究的重點，除此之外還增加了新的研究數據，這些新數據是來自２２個壯侗語系語言的調查，這些侗語系的語言屬於中國四個少數民族，即：侗族、布依族、水族和壯族。這些中國壯侗語言的主要語素句法的功能是表現在數量結構和引導結構（不定概念、指示代詞和名物化）。中國壯侗語言的量詞是位於每個名詞前；不同於緬甸、泰國和越南的壯侗語言，後者的量詞是位於每個名詞後。量詞体係的語義在中國壯侗語言中以三種參數構成：第一是有生命參數、第二是有型參數，第三是功能參數。在我所調查的中國壯侗語言中，一些中心量詞的語音結構有比較相同的發音。

Subject Keywords 關鍵詞

Kam-Tai, Dong, Zhuang　壯侗語言 classifier　名量詞 referential　引導結構 quantificational 數量結構

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