Verb complement construction in Dongshi Hakka
东势客家话的动补结构初探
Min-hua Chiang 江敏华

Abstract 摘要
This paper is a preliminary survey of verb complement constructions in Dongshi Hakka, a spoken dialect in the central part of Taiwan. Dongshi Hakka is thought to derive from Dapu Hakka in Kuangdong and differs from the more predominant Sixien or Hailu Hakka in Taiwan. Two kinds of data sources are used in this paper. One is materials gathered from the fieldwork by the author, and the other is the colloquial materials recorded in seven volumes of 東勢鎮客語故事集 [A collection of Dongshi Hakka stories]. In this paper, the five subtypes of verb complement constructions in Dongshi Hakka, namely, resultative, directional, manner, potential, and degree complement, are described. In addition, some characteristics are discussed and explained from grammaticalization and diachronic Sinitic grammar viewpoints. For example, it is argued that the special ‘V kin3(緊) Cd’ construction is probably equivalent to the ‘V+Jiang(將)+Cd’ construction in the Early Mandarin, and that pi2, the fusion form of pun1 ki2, functioning as a manner complement marker is grammaticalized from the causative meaning of the verb pun1

本文是对东势客家话动补结构的初步考察。东势镇位于台中县中部偏东，其客家话与台湾通行的四县与海陆客家话不同，属于来自广东大埔的大埔客家话。本文使用两种语料来源，一为田野调查所得的一手资料，一为东势文化工作者采集记录、保留珍贵口语语料的《东势镇客语故事集》。本文分别描述动补结构的几个次类──结果补语、趋向补语、状态补语、可能补语与程度补语──在东势客家话的表现。除分项描述其语义/语法特色外，本文并从汉语史与语法化的角度讨论东势客家话动补结构的若干现象。如动结式中否定词和副词的位置可以反映动词和补语的复合程度，以及补语的语法化程度；东势客家话特殊的「V紧Cd」结构可能相当于近代汉语里的「动-将-趋」结构；「分佢」的合音‘pi2’作为状态补语标记来源于致使义动词的语法化；以及可能补语的宾语位置反映唐宋时期的语序，并产生出类推而来的新形式「VO得C」等等。

Subject Keywords 关键词

Dongshi Hakka 东势客家话 Complement construction 动补结构 Diachronic grammar 历史语法 Grammaticalization 语法化

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