The Manifestation of Emotion: On the Mandarin Chinese nandao-Interrogation
语言的情感性: 汉语 “难道” 句的语义和语用初探
Zhuo Jing-Schmidt 井茁

Abstract 摘要
This paper provides a semantic-pragmatic analysis of the Mandarin nandao-interrogation. Instead of focusing on the truth-condition sense of its meaning, we explore the communicative intent motivating the use of this construction in contexts. The analysis of contextual cues allows us to recognize that the use of the nandao-interrogation serves to manifest the speaker's emotion in discourse. The manifestation of emotion can be understood as spontaneous emotional communication on the one hand and as conscious emotive communication on the other. We postulate the meaning INCREDULITY for the nandao-interrogation and argue that the employment of this meaning is determined by the confrontational nature of the discourse. Our data-based analysis sheds new light on the subjective and intersubjective nature of the nandao-interrogation as a construction of emotionality. In the light of this study, traditional treatments of the construction based on logic and truth-condition must be judged inconsistent and inaccurate.

本文旨在从语义和语用的角度分析汉语普通话里的 “难道” 句。分析表明，“难道”句的语义与逻辑性和现实性关系不大，而是侧重于表达强烈的情感性。换言之，“难道” 句的语义既不同于一般的无疑而问以表达强烈确认，也不同于一般的揣测以求证实。“难道” 句的语义本质在于，说话人展示内心拒绝接受某一假设情境的强烈对抗性情感。与这一语义相应，这个句式常用于对抗性的语境。一方面，“难道” 句用来表达说话人对所面对的情境因难以置信而不由自主产生的对抗性情感; 另一方面，“难道” 句也可以用来激发听者对某一情境的强烈怀疑和对抗情绪。对于“难道” 句的情感性的揭示将有助于解决对外汉语教学中常面临的一个问题: 即如何把握该句式的使用。

Keywords 关键词

Emotionality 情感性 Incredulity 主观性 Context 语境

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