The dual function of liah8 力 in Li Jing Ji
荔鏡記“力”的雙重功能
Chinfa Lien 連金發

Abstract 摘要
This paper explores the dual function of liah8 力 as verb and preposition in Li Jing Ji 荔鏡記, a Romance of the Litchi Mirror, featuring Southern Min in the sixteenth century. 搦 as the etymologically viable character meaning ‘hold’ in lieu of the demotic character 力 dates back as early as the third century AD. Given unidirectionality in grammatical change from lexeme to function word, the frozen-in-time co-existence of liah8 力as verb (23 percent), verb/preposition (19 percent) and preposition (58 percent) points to grammaticalization that had been well underway but had not been consummated by the middle of sixteenth century. In contrast, chiong1 將 had shed its verbal function, proceeded to the intermediate stage, and taken on the role of preposition. Southern Min is rich in chronological strata either phonologically and syntactically. Liah8 力 and chiong1 將 belong in different chronological strata and follow separate routes of grammaticalization. Nevertheless, they converged in the same synchronic state, and their paths partially crossed resulting in a co-existential and even competitive situation.

本文探討荔鏡記中充當動詞和前置詞的“力”的雙重功能，荔鏡記是反映十六世紀閩南語的戲文。“力”為戲文中通俗字，其詞源為“搦”，意指手持，其來源最早可追溯到西元三世紀。由實詞到虛詞的語法演變其通則是單向的變化過程。“力”的動詞前置詞用法並存，即動詞的例子佔百分之三十九，動詞前置詞並用的例子佔百分之十五，前置詞的用法佔百分之四十六。這點表示，到十六世紀中葉“力”的虛化的程度已經很深，但是還沒完全完成。相較之下，“將”已經擺脫了動詞的用法，進入中間階段，並且已產生單做前置詞的用法。閩南語富於音韻句法的層次。“力”和“將”分屬不同的時代層次，各自循不同的路徑語法化，但是兩者既交會於同一個共時的層面，又形成共存甚至競爭的局面。

Subject Keywords 關鍵詞

Grammaticalization語法化 Chronological strata co-existence時代層次幷存 Competition競爭 Southern Min閩南語

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