Verbal polysemy of Hakka piong3 (放) ‘to put’: Frames and constructions
客语放置类动词「放」之多重语义：框架语义与构式语法的互动
Huei-ling Lai; Wan-jyun Luo 赖惠玲; 罗婉君

Abstract 摘要
The verb piong3 (放) ‘to put’ in Hakka is endowed with an abundance of related meanings. In line with the theory of constructions and the idea of frame semantics, this study submits the following claims. First, the basic meaning of piong3 designates a common pattern of human experience: An animate entity exerts manual force upon a physical object and causes the object to move. It is argued that the verbal polysemy latent in piong3 can allow for its semantic compatibility with various syntactic structures: phrasal structure (i.e., [VN]/[VA] constructions, where N stands for a noun phrase, including an object noun, location or a temporal expression and where A refers to a cover term for complements such as adjectives and adverbs), and sentential structure (i.e., TUNG constructions, locative inversion, deprofiled object constructions etc). Second, the extended meanings of piong3 are linked to its typical use through the use of various metaphors and metonymies such as CONTAINER, CHANGE OF STATE AS CHANGE OF LOCATION metaphors and through ACTION FOR RESULT metonymy. Finally, the findings reveal that certain frequently-used [VN]/[VA] constructions are examples of the process of lexicalization aligned to certain degree of grammaticalization. This study also supports the suggestion that the knowledge of language greatly hinges upon personal experience and daily use and as such is context-dependent and social-interactional.

本文以Fillmore提出的「框架语义」以及Goldberg等学者提出的「构式语法」观点为基础，分析客语「放」字构式呈现的多义现象。客语「放」字涉及「使动事件」：空间位移与状态变化。本文着重分析「使动结构」与客语「放」字在动词词组(包括动词名词组、动词形容词组)及句子等构式中语意－句法的互动。同时藉助隐喻与转喻的强化，说明客语「放」字延伸语意之间的关联性，并进一步阐述客语「放」字在动词名词组结构中词汇化为复合词的现象。因此，本论文经由分析词汇化类型与探讨事件架构中参与角色的展现与否，说明客语「放」字语意与句法间的相互关系。

Keywords 关键词

Frames 框架语义 Constructions 构式语法 Metaphor 隐喻 Metonymy 转喻 Lexicalization 词汇化 Hakka piong3 客语「放」字

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