The linguistic secret of fanqie languages in Chinese
反切语的语言秘密
Wei Zhang 张慰

Abstract 摘要
Fănqiè (反切) languages are secret languages found in various dialects of Chinese. Drawing on previous analyses, this paper seeks insight into the linguistic mechanism encoded in fănqiè languages by investigating one of the varieties with living speakers, Huidong La-mi and offers a typological account of fănqiè languages across the board under the framework of optimality theory (OT). A close examination of Huidong La-mi has revealed that fănqiè language formation is stem syllable copying, which is expressed as the constraint IDENTSYLLABLE(Stem, Output). The input of fănqiè languages is assumed to consist of the source syllable and the added material while the output is essentially a rearrangement of the input segments to satisfy the syllable well-formedness constraint IDENTSYLLABLE(Stem, Output).

反切语是在多种方言中都有所记录的秘密语。本文基于前人的论述，在优选论(Optimality Theory)的框架下仔细分析了反切语中仍有使用者的惠东客家双音话(笔者称之为惠东La-mi)来探究隐藏在反切语中的语言机制，并在分析惠东La-mi的基础上提出了反切语的类型解释。详探惠东La-mi揭示了反切语的构成是词根音节的拷贝，可表达为优选论的约束条件IDENTSYLLABLE(Stem, Output)。这也就是说，反切语的基本形式包括词根音节和附加语言材料，其表面形式本质上是重新排列基本形式的构成材料以满足音节成形的约束条件IDENTSYLLABLE(Stem, Output)。

Keywords 关键词

Fănqiè languages 反切语 Secret languages 秘密语隐语 Language games 文字游戏 OT 优选论

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