The structure of the Tangut verb
西夏语动词的结构
Guillaume Jacques 向柏霖

Abstract 摘要
The present paper is an attempt at analyzing the verbal morphology of Tangut from the point of view of both Tangut texts and modern Qiangic languages, its closest living relatives. Modern Qiangic languages, especially Rgyalrong, have a very strict verbal template. In this article, we propose that Tangut also had a verbal template, which was probably the result of independent grammaticalization rather than a shared inheritance with Rgyalrong. Then, we discuss apparent counterexamples to the proposed template and argue that other explanations are possible to account for them. Finally, we demonstrate the (previously unnoticed) existence of verbal incorporation in Tangut.

本文从两个方面探讨西夏语动词的结构：西夏文文献和现代羌语支语言。所有的羌语支语言都有着非常严谨的动词模板，特别是嘉绒语。笔者认为，西夏语也有类似的动词模板。然而，与嘉绒语的动词结构相比，西夏的动词结构比较简单，而且前缀的顺序不相同。因此，西夏语的动词模板可能不是原始羌语支的特征，而是后起平行发展的结果。另外，在西夏文文献当中发现一些表面上违反动词模板的例子，本文将这些反例举出来并逐一加以解释。最后，本文证明西夏语有动词编插法的构词手段，这一现象在以前的研究中未见报导。

Keywords 关键词

Tangut 西夏语 Rgyalrong 嘉绒语 Japhug 茶堡话 Incorporation 编插法 Directional prefixes 趋向前缀 Templatic morphology 动词模板

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