Monomorphemic and polymorphemic anaphors in L2 Chinese
英语使用者对中文作为第二语言在”自己”和”他自己”习得上的差異
Stano Kong 江丕贤

Abstract 摘要
This study tests a proposal made by Yuan (1998) in relation to the issue of parameter resetting in the interpretation of monomorphemic ziji and polymorphemic taziji by English speakers of L2 Chinese. The L2 learners perform like native speakers in acquiring the locality condition of polymorphemic taziji. However, results from the learners also indicate that while monomorphemic ziji can be locally and long-distantly bound in native speakers’ grammar, it cannot be locally bound in elementary and intermediate L2 learners’ grammar. This asymmetry exists at early stages of learning but seems to have disappeared in the later stages of acquisition. It is argued that the Full Transfer/ Full Access hypothesis under which Yuan subscribes may have contributed to the parameter resetting. However, it is also argued, judging from the apparent native-like performance by advanced L2 learners, that what appears to be a parameter resetting scenario is in fact an adjustment of L2 setting to match with the L1 setting; monomorphemic ziji may have been misanalysed as pronouns in English. The possibility that uninterpretable syntactic features not selected in primary language acquisition become unavailable to adult second language learners should not be ruled out; a theory held by Hawkins and Hattori (2006), and Tsimpli and Dimitrakopoulou (2007).

本研究测试Yuan在1998提出关于以中文为第二语言的英语母语人士对monomorphemic 自己(ziji)和 polymorphemic 他自己(taziji)以参数重设理论来解读。这些第二语言学习者对于polymorphemic他自己(taziji)在语言中出现的位置和中文母语人士对中文的使用相似。尽管如此，从第二语言学习者得到的研究结果也指出；monomorphemic 自己(ziji)可以出现在中文语法中的子句内和子句外。然而初学和中级学习者对于monomorphemic 自己(ziji)的使用却仅限于子句内。这种不对称的表现存在于语言习得的早期，但却会随着学习阶段增长而消失。Yuan所提出的全转移/全存取(Full Transfer / Ful Access )假设有可能应用在参数重设上。尽管如此，从第二语言学习者接近母语人士的表现，参数重设可能实际上是一种将第二语言重新调整以适应第一语言；monomorphemic 自己(ziji) 可能被误析为英文中的代名词。在成人第二语言习得过程中未能被解读的语句特质将变得不能被学会的可能性应被排除；特别是在Hawkins and Hattori (2006)和Tsimpli and Dimitrakopoulou (2007)。

Keywords 关键词

Binding 自己 Monomorphemic 他自己 Polymorphemic 参数重设理论 UG 第二语言重新调整 Partial Access 被误析 Embedded-clause 子句

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