Multiregisters and four levels: A new tonal model
汉论分域四度标调制
Xiaonong Zhu 朱晓农

Abstract 摘要
This paper discusses a new ‘Multi-Register and Four-Level’ (RL) tonal model. Register is defined by phonation types. There are six major types of phonation, which define three Registers: H, M, and L. The RL model is an improvement over the traditional ‘five-point’ tonal scale. Its tenability depends on whether it can accommodate the three known five level tone systems. The most challenging case among the three is the Dong language of Gaoba, a variety of the Tai-Kadai family. A field investigation was conducted and the five Gaoba level tones were reexamined. It was found the highest level tone in Gaoba is produced with a falsetto voice. Gaoba Dong thus constitutes a piece of supportive, rather than counter, evidence for the RL model. Then we deal with several tonal systems with single-, double-, or triple-register(s). Note: The audio files described in the Supplementary Materials of this article can be accessed from AUDIO link located on the webpage: audio tracks

本文讨论了一个新的“分声域，每域四度”的标调法。声域由发声态定义。音系学中有六大类发声态（假声、张声、清声、僵声、带声、气声），一共定义高中低三个声域。分域四度制是五度制的细化和简化，其能否成立全看能否容纳已知的三个五平调语言，其中最具挑战的案例便是高坝侗語。本项研究实地调查並重新考察了高坝侗語的五個平调，发现他最高的那个平调是用假声发的。这就使得高坝五平调成为分域四度制的支持性证据，而非反例。本文还处理了另外几个声调系统，有的单声域，有的双声域，还有三声域的。提示：本文附录（Supplementary Materials）的录音资料可从链接收听到：录音

Subject Keywords 关键词

Tone representation 标调法　Phonation types 发声态　Phonological registers 声域　Five level tones 五平调 The five-point scale 五度制 ‘Multi-Register and Four-Level’ (RL) tonal model 分域四度制 Gaoba Dong 高坝侗语

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