The Predicate inflection in Yancheng dialect
郾城方言的动词变韵
Huili Zhang 张慧丽; Haihua Pan 潘海华

Abstract 摘要
This article discusses the conditions, functions and possible suffixes of the predicate inflection from a semantic and grammatical point of view in Yancheng dialect, spoken in Central China Henan province. The predicates in Yancheng undergo rime change depending on time frame and grammatical constraints. Based on the comparison between the distribution of the rime-changing verbs and corresponding non-rime-changing verbs, three functions of the predicate rime allomorphy are concluded: (1) to express the event realized, (2) to state a static condition lasting, (3) to denote the direction of an action. Each of the functions can be traced to the fusion of the preceding predicates and different grammatical elements, le1 and le2 (了1和了2), zhed (着d) and dao or zai (到或在) respectively. Furthermore, this article is also trying to address some general issues on predicate inflection, such as the motivation, mechanism and developmental tendency, in Chinese dialects.

本文穷尽考察了郾城方言动词变韵的条件，发现郾城方言动词变韵受到时态和句法条件的制约：在过去时中，只有句子中包含一个与“量”有关的词或短语时，动词才可以变韵；在现在时中，只有在前接成分表示确定的处所时动词才可以变韵；在将来时中，只有后接成分表示确定的“矢量”时，动词才可以变韵。在此基础上，考察变韵动词和相应的不变韵动词的分布环境，从而判定动词变韵的三种功能：事件实现、状态持续和动作矢量。表示事件实现的动词变韵可能的合音后缀是“了1+了2”；表示状态持续的动词变韵可能的合音后缀是“着d”；表示动作矢量的动词变韵可能的合音后缀是“到”或“在”。最后提出郾城方言存在一种新的体标记系统，并根据各方言点动词变韵的共同表现和分布差异，探讨汉语方言动词变韵的外部驱动、内部机制和可能的发展趋势。

Subject Keywords 关键词

Verb rime change 动词变韵 Event realized 事件实现 Condition lasting 状态持续 Action vector 句法条件 Suffix Aspect 动作矢量

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