Readers 读者
Long and short passives in English speakers’ L2 Chinese
汉语作为二语中长短被动句之习得
Stano Kong 江丕賢
Abstract 摘要
This study investigates end-state mental grammars in L2 acquisition, testing between the Full Transfer/Full Access (FT/FA) hypothesis (Schwartz and Sprouse 1994, 1996) and the Interface hypothesis (Sorace and Filiaci 2006). The former proposes L1 transfer and input-driven L2 ultimate attainment; the latter argues against L1 transfer and suggests native non-native mental-grammar divergence is a result of mismatch between syntax and cognitive domains coordination. The results of a grammaticality judgment test show that the English speakers of advanced L2 Chinese develop grammatical representations that are target-like in performance in most cases, supporting the FT/FA hypothesis. However, it is also observed that the learners diverge from native speakers in disallowing the use of stative verbs in long and short passives in their L2 Chinese. This may suggest the learners have insufficient processing resources to coordinate between syntax and semantics learning, supporting the Interface hypothesis. Put together the stative verbs deficit and the target-like L2 performance in advanced learners’ L2 grammars, the study coheres with Hawkins and Hattori (2006) and Kong (2011a, 2011b, 2012) that the apparent native-like performance may not be interpreted as the same as learners having acquired the underlying grammatical representations of native speakers.
这项研究在调查二语习得中最终型态的心理语法，且用以测试Schwartz和Sprouse (1994,1996) 的完整性转移／完全性接纳(FT/FA)假设与Sorace和Filiaci(2006) 的介面性假设。前者提倡母语转移和输入驱动中的二语最终成果；后者则反驳母语转移，而是提出在英语为母语者的心理语法中句法与认知领域之间不协调的结论。语法判断结果显示进阶汉语的英语学习者在大多情况下，展现出在行为上与目标语相似的语法表达，此证明FT/FA假设。然而，这也被观察出在汉语学习上的长短被动句上不允许静态动词的使用，与母语者产生了分歧。这可能表明学习者在句法和语意学习上有着不足的现象，而此论点支持介面性假设。结合这两点－静态动词匮乏与进阶汉语学习者似目标语的二语表现－该研究与Hawkins和Hattori (2006) 和Kong (2011a, 2011b, 2012)所提出的论点一致：显著的母语似行为可能无法被解释等同于学习者习获母语底层语法的表达。
Subject Keywords 主题词
Long and short passives 长短式被动句 L2 Chinese 汉语习得