Readers 读者
Sino-Tibetan ŋ- and Na-Dene *kw- / *gw- / *xw-: 1st person pronouns and lexical cognate sets
汉藏语的ŋ- 及纳得内语的 *kw- / *gw- / *xw-: 第一人称代词及词汇同源组
Geoffrey Caveney
Abstract 摘要
This paper provides evidence for a genetic relationship between the Sino-Tibetan and Na-Dene language families, by making a comparison between Na-Dene lexical forms with initial *kw- / *gw- / *xw- and Sino-Tibetan forms with initial ŋ-, which are the initial consonants of the 1st person singular pronominal forms in the respective families. The paper reviews some parallels in Sino-Tibetan and Na-Dene verbal morphology and describes each family’s 1st person singular pronominal forms. It then presents the results of a study of all Athabaskan and Na-Dene lexical roots that have initial consonants with the same place of articulation as the 1st person pronouns, and identifies 21 such roots as candidates for comparison with Sino-Tibetan. Out of these roots, five cognate sets with Sino-Tibetan roots with initial ŋ- are then presented. Finally, a statistical estimate is calculated of the probability of this amount of resemblances occurring by chance, which is found to be extremely small.
本文通过比较纳德内语系中使用前缀 *kw- / *gw- / *xw- 构词的方法和汉藏语系使用前缀ŋ-构词的方法（这些前缀在各自语系内均为第一人称单数代名词的起始辅音），为两个语系之间所存在的亲缘关系提供证据。本文将回顾一些有关汉藏语系和纳德内语系中动词构词法的文献，并对两个语系内的第一人称单数代名词的情况作描述。接着我们会对所有阿萨巴斯卡语系和纳德内语系中作为第一人称代名词时具有相同发音位置的词首辅音的词根进行研究，本文会对此研究的结果进行阐述，同时也会从这个词根研究出发，在这些语系之间作横向比较。之后，我们会总结出五组以前缀ŋ-开头的汉藏语系词根源词。最后，我们再做一个有关词语相似性的统计，结果发现相似出自巧合的可能性很低。
Subject Keywords 主题词
Sino-Tibetan 汉藏语 Na-Dene 纳得内语 Comparative linguistics 比较语言学 1st person pronoun 第一人称代词 Sound correspondence 音位对应 Statistics 统计（语言学）