Readers 读者
A study on the features of chest and abodominal breathing between reciting and chanting Chinese poetry
古诗词朗读与吟诵的呼吸特征研究
Feng Yang 杨锋
Abstract 摘要
This research studies the features of chest and abdominal breathing between reciting and chanting Chinese poems of different styles.1 Eight participants were recruited to recite and chant 85 modern style poems (近體詩) and 39 Song poems (宋詞). The chest and abdominal breathing signals as well as speech signal were recorded simultaneously. Programs for breathing analysis have been written to extract parameters, such as breathing reset amplitude, time of inhalation phase, and slope of exhalation phase. The results show that the poem chanting has a larger depth of breathing and amount of breath, and more frequent exhalations compared with the poem reciting. In both poem reciting and chanting, the pause and declination of chest breathing is closely correlated with the prosodic boundaries. The major function of chest breathing in speaking is to keep the chest extended and provide enough breath for articulation and chest resonance. The function of abdominal breathing is to provide stable sub-glottal pressure through contraction of abdominal muscle and diaphragm, controlling continuous airflow to produce continuous sound.
为探讨胸腹呼吸在不同文体与不同诵读方式中的特征，以及胸腹呼吸的作用和二者的关系，本文同步录制了8位吟诵人的85首近体诗和39篇词的语音、胸呼吸和腹呼吸三路信号。使用自主编写的呼吸分析程式，提取了呼吸重置幅度、吸气相时间、呼气相斜率等参数。实验结果表明，古诗词吟诵比朗读中呼吸重置幅度大，即呼吸深度大，气息量增大，呼气时间长，气息更为平缓。言语状态下腹呼吸重置时间早于胸呼吸和语音起始时间，胸呼吸间断或下倾与韵律边界相关。言语状态下胸呼吸主要作用是在发音时胸腔保持扩张状态至发音结束，为发音提供足够的气息，同时提供胸腔共鸣；腹呼吸主要作用是，通过腹肌和膈肌的稳健收缩，以保证稳定的声门下压，控制气流持续释放，以获得连续的语音。
Keywords 关键词
Chest and abdominal breathing 胸腹呼吸 Poem reciting 朗读 Poem chanting 吟诵 Speech production 言语产生