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An aerodynamic study on articulation of Mandarin initials
汉语普通话声母的空气动力研究
Yonghong Li 李永宏; Huaping Fang 方华萍; Axu Hu 胡阿旭; Shiliang Lü 吕士良
Abstract 摘要
This paper presents findings on the aerodynamic features of Mandarin initial consonants on different articulatory places and manners.1 Signals of speech, airflow, and air-pressure from 20 speakers (10 males and 10 females) were collected by using Phonatory Aerodynamic System (PAS6600). Parameters, including duration, sound pressure, air-pressure peak, airflow peak, airflow volume were measured. The results showed that: 1) The aerodynamic features of initials vary among different speakers, which might be attributed to their gender or articulation habits. Male speakers have higher air-pressure, airflow peak and expiratory volume (EV) than females, which might be attributed to a greater lung capacity of the male. 2) Aspirated consonants have higher sound pressure level (SPL), expiratory airflow duration (EAD), peak air-pressure (PAP), peak expiratory airflow (PEA) and EV than their unaspirated counterparts. Therefore all these parameters can be regarded as criteria for distinguishing aspirated and unaspirated consonants. 3) The vibration of vocal cords in voiced consonants has an immediate impact on SPL, which leads to higher SPL values than those in voiceless consonants, but air-pressure is just the opposite. The PEA and EV of voiced consonants are close to those of voiceless stops, but these two parameters are far smaller than those for other consonants. 4) The aerodynamics of consonants with different articulatory manners are significantly different, thus the EAD, PAP, PEA and EV parameters can all be regarded as the distinctive features of consonants.
本文以汉语普通话辅音声母为研究物件，使用气流气压计（PAS6600）采集20名发音人（10名男性和10名女性）的语音、气流和气压信号，提取辅音的时长、声压、气压峰值、气流峰值、气流量等参数，来研究不同发音方法和发音部位的辅音空气动力特性。研究结果发现：1）不同的发音人，由于性别和发音习惯不同，辅音的空气动力学特性差异比较大。男性的辅音气压峰值、气流峰值和气流量参数均大于女性，这与男性的肺活量大于女性有直接的关系，声压级略大于女性、但时长略小于女性。2）送气音的声压级、时长、气压峰值、气流峰值和气流量均大于对应的不送气音。这些参数可以作为划分辅音送气与不送气的依据；3）声带的振动直接影响了辅音的声压值大小，浊辅音的声压略大于清辅音，气压远小于清辅音，气流速率和气流量与清辅音的塞音比较接近，远小于其他辅音。4）辅音的发音方法决定着气流的方式，所以不同的发音方法在气流气压信号上区别性很显著，时长、气压峰值、气流峰值和气流量参数可作为辅音发音方法的区别性特征。
Keywords 关键词
Consonant 辅音 Aerodynamic Features 空气动力 Airflow rate 气流速率 Air-pressure 气压 Airflow volume 气流量 PAS6600