On the relationship between acute-grave divergence of han rhyme in Northern Song dynasty and separation of hanshan and huanhuan rhymes of northern dialects in Yuan dynasty(in Chinese)
北宋寒韵系字的锐钝分化与元代北方方言“寒山”与“桓欢”分韵之间的关系 (中文文章)
Wang Weimin 王为民
Abstract 摘要
The rhyme dictionary Jiyun put the Shang tone and Qu tone homophony character groups with dental and sibilant initials of open Han rhyme into the corresponding position of closed Huan rhyme, but the homophony character groups with velar initials hold the line, which shows that the rhyme with dental and sibilant initials is different from the rhyme with velar initials.The rhyme table Shengyinchanghetu put the Ping tone character ‘dan’ with dental initial of Han rhyme at the ‘Fa’ line corresponding to the second division in the early traditional rhyme table Yunjing, together with the character ‘shan’ of Shan rhyme, but the Ping tone character ‘an’ with velar initial at the ‘Kai’ line corresponding to the first division, which shows that,in the Han rhyme,the rhyme with dental and sibilant initial is belonging to second division but the rhyme with velar initial is belonging to the first division. This is the headstream of acute-grave divergence of the Han rhyme in the historial documents. The so-called acute-grave divergence of the Han rhyme refers to the sound change in which the vowel of characters of the Han rhyme with acute initials diverges from the original vowel shared with their counterparts with grave initials, and merges with the vowel of the characters of the second division. This sound change is taking place in the 11th century northern dialects, and exhibits some regional variations in the paths taken. The transition is completed first for characters of Shang tone and Qu tone in the Bian-Luo dialect of the Northern Song Dynasty, as shown in the rhyme dictionary Jiyun, while first for characters of Ping tone in the You-Yan dialect of the Northern Song Dynasty, as documented in the rhyme table Shengyinchanghetu. In Mengguziyun and Zhongyuanyinyun, despite the fact that, irrespective of their initials, characters of Ping, Shang and Qu tones of the Han rhyme have the same vowel as characters of the second division, characters of Ru tone of the Han rhyme do exhibit patterns characteristic of the acute-grave divergence. This is clear evidence that the northern dialects of the Yuan Dynasty have undergone the acute-grave divergence. In the Yuan Dynasty, the vowels of characters with grave initials are further merged with that of characters of the second division. However, the loss of the ending *-t has excluded characters of Ru tone from the second wave of merging, resulting in the observed separation of Hanshan and Huanhuan. Therefore, the acute-grave divergence of the rhyme Han and the separation of the rhymes Hanshan and Huanhuan are two different phases of the single process in the history of northern dialects in which the low-back vowel *ɔ is replaced by low-front vowel *a before the endings *-t/*-n. The separation of Hanshan and Huanhuan rhymes has already emerged by the early 12th century, as proved by a study of Hangzhou dialect developed after the migration of the Southern Song Dynasty, and data from Sino-Khitan transcription.
Keywords 关键词
Jiyun 《集韵》 Shengyin Changhetu 《声音倡和图》
Acute-grave divergence of the Han rhyme 寒韵系字锐钝分化 Menggu Ziyun 《蒙古字韵》
Zhongyuan Yinyun 《中原音韵》
Journal of Chinese Linguistics vol.44, no.2 (June 2016): 415-450
Copyright © 2016 Journal of Chinese Linguistices. All rights reserved.