The Polyfunctional Na⁷/Na² 那 in early Southern Min and its later developments
早期闽南语na⁷/na²那的多功能性及其后來的演变
Chinfa Lien 连金发

Abstract 摘要
The paper deals with the polyfunctionality of 那 realized as na⁷> or na² featuring a range of senses or functions such as if>, only, look like and how/why in earlier Southern Min and its later developments in modern Southern Min based on a set of data reflecting three periods dating back to the sixteenth at the earliest. Special attention is focused on the patterns of syntactic distribution of na⁷/na² 那 in conjunction with its associated senses and a range of constructions it features such as conditionals, causals, and correlatives denoting simultaneous actions. A comparison of na⁷/na² 那 in earlier and modern Southern Min shows some interesting grammatical developments chiefly three trends: (i) the grammaticalization of the similative verb *nak 若 in tandem with the proximal deictic element as a marker of the protasis in conditionals; (ii) the obsolescence of the sense of the monosyllabic na⁷ ‘only’ and emergence of correlative construction na² X na² Y featuring the incremental intensification even beyond the newly emergent simultaneous actions; and (iii) the emergence of robust occurrence of na² 那 as a how/why WH-word. The grammatical development is partially manifested in the intriguing recurrence of hyper-characterization of redundant marking of functional isomorphic elements and the compounding of na⁷/na² 那 and its collocates to forestall the detrimental effect of homophony and ambiguity.

本文根据文献就闽南语“那”指称「如果」、「只有」、「像似」、「怎么」等多重功能，追索十六世纪以來明清时期到现代的演变，着重于考察“那” (na⁷/na²)的句法分布及相关条件，动因，表同时性动作的联结句式。從早期和现代闽南语na⁷/na²的比较可以看出引人入胜的语法演变，其中包括(i)「像似」动詞「若」搭配近指指示词，语法化为条件前项目的标记，(ii) 单音节“那”「只有」的消退，闽南语句式 na² X na² Y的兴起，並从新兴的同时並行的语义，进而发展递增的並进程度义。(iii) 另外一項关连性演变是na²产生反诘的「怎么」义。在语法演变过程中，功能同形成份常反复出现羨余的迭置现象。na⁷/na²与其他语词相搭配，一经复合化就跳脱了同音、歧义所造成的不利效应。

Subject Keywords 主题词

Conditional 条件 Alternation 选择 Correlative 联结 Southern Min 闽南语


Journal of Chinese Linguistics vol.48, no.1 (January 2020): 1-48
Copyright © 2020 Journal of Chinese Linguistices. All rights reserved.

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