Exploring the historical layers of the Tangwang language
唐汪话历史层次探索
Dan Xu 徐丹

Abstract 摘要
This paper combines written records with concrete material evidence (such as family genealogy, historical monuments, genetic evidence) to revisit the migration history of the Tangwang people. The core part of the Tangwang population came from Han people. Linguistic and genetic data suggest that a significant portion of the Tangwang populations might have come from Northern and Northwestern China. Loanwords from Arabic, Persian and Turkic were introduced via the Dongxiang (Santa) language and through preaching in Muslim mosques, but the proportion of these words is not significant. Loanwords from Dongxiang generally concern everyday life, while loanwords from Turkic, Persian and Arabic are related to religious items or rites. Despite these loanwords, the basic vocabulary (list of 200 words) is 100% Chinese, and the percentage reaches 98.86% when the number attains 2964 words.

文章结合参考有记载的文献和物证（家谱，历史建筑，基因测试等），旨在厘清唐汪人群体的移民史。唐汪人的主体是汉人。语言及基因调查表明唐汪汉人的大部分来自中国的北部和西北部。借自阿拉伯、波斯及突厥语的词汇是通过寺院的宗教活动由东乡语传入的。这些词汇所占比例很小。借自东乡语的词汇主要是日常生活词汇，而阿拉伯、波斯及突厥语词汇主要涉及宗教活动和仪式。尽管有外来词进入唐汪话，但唐汪话在200词词表里100%都是汉语词；在2964个词里，汉语词占了98.86%。

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