Zhunyanese (Dungan) as an Islamic and Soviet language
东干语的回教化与苏维埃化
Paul Wexler

Abstract 摘要
The Zhunyanese language spoken in the USSR is unique in several ways. (1) Zhunyanese has been accorded the status of a literary language and differs appreciably from Standard Mandarin because of its independence from the language planning norms promulgated in the People’s Republic of China. (2) As the language of a traditionally Muslim population, Zhunyanese has historically been receptive to enrichment from Arabic and Persian loans. Hence, the language has developed strong links, mainly lexical, with other Islamic languages in the USSR and the Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region. (3) Zhunyanese provides a laboratory in which to explore the development of a communal (Muslim) dialect and as such invites comparison with other communal languages such as Yiddish. (4) For the student of language planning, Zhunyanese presents a laboratory for studying the process of Sovietization.

苏联的东干语有几个特点：（1）它没有受近年中国语言改革的影响，所以跟普通话有很多差别；（2）它处在回教环境之内有不少来之阿拉伯语及波斯语的借词，在词汇上接近苏联的跟新疆的回教语言；（3）它是一种公社性的语言，发展上可比于依地语；（4）从语言计划角度看来也可由它研究苏维埃化的过程。

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