Issues in Selecting Features for Genetic Classification of the Wu Dialect Group
吴方言组遗承分类的选择特征问题
Zhiqiang Yu 俞志强

Abstract 摘要


This paper focuses on issues in selecting classificatory features for the Wú dialect group. By studying Chao’s criteria and the dialectal facts, this research reveals the defects in older classification schemes and suggests a new set of criteria.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Purpose of Classifying Wú Dialects
1.2. Two Major Issues
1.2.1 Criteria for Selecting Features
1.2.2 Number of Features

2.PROBLEMS IN SELECTING CLASSIFICATORY FEATURES
2.1. Unfolding Problems
2.2. Problems

3. PURPOSES AND TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION
3.1. Typological Approach
3.2. Sociolinguistic Approach
3.3. Areal Approach
3.4. Genetic Approach

4. LOGICAL NATURE OF FEATURES
4.1. Sufficient Features
4.2. Necessary Features
4.3. Necessary and Sufficient Features
4.4. Indeterminate Features

5. NUMBER OF FEATURES
5.1. Preference of Fewer Features
5.2. Preference of More Features
5.3. The Non-Congruence Principle
5.3.1. Evidence in Mandarin
5.3.2. Evidence in Wú Dialects
5.3.3. Feature Coincidence

6. VALUE OF FEATURES
6.1. Differences in Values
6.1.1. Minimally Valued Features
6.1.2. Moderately Valued Features
6.1.3. Highly Valued Features
6.2. Results of Combination of the Two Highly Valued Features
6.2.1. Situations 1 and 2
6.2.2. Situation 3
6.2.3. Situation 4
6.3. Subsidiary Features

7. PROBLEMS OF OLD FEATURE SELECTION
7.1. Chao’s Proposal
7.2. Difficulties of Chao’s Proposal

8. STUDY OF THE TWO HIGHLY VALUED FEATURES
8.1. Vocalism in Wú dialects
8.1.1. Mandarin Dialects
8.1.2. The Southern Dialects
8.1.3. Wú Dialects
8.1.4. Exceptions
8.2. The Simple Negative Word
8.2.1. Mandarin Dialects
8.2.2. Yuè Dialects
8.2.3. Kèjiā Dialects
8.2.4. Gàn Dialects
8.2.5. Xiāng Dialects
8.2.6. Wú Dialects

9. CONCERNS OF PRECONCEPTION
9.1. Bases of “Wú” Dialects
9.2. Previous Classification as a Starting Point
9.3. Previous Results as Reference

10. CONCLUSION

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