Nouns and verbs: Evolution of grammatical forms
论汉语的名词和动词：语法形式的演化

Shen Jiaxuan 沈家煊

Abstract 摘要
While noun and verb are two separate syntactic classes in opposition to each other in Indo-European languages, in Chinese they are a pair of pragmatic classes (reference and predication), and not in opposition to each other. Chinese nouns constitute a super-noun category with verbs as its sub-category. In other words, all verbs in Chinese are actually verbal nouns. This characteristic feature of Chinese can be explicated from the perspectives of cognition, language typology, grammaticalization, philosophical background, and experimental studies of word classes.

名词和动词在印欧语中已经分化为两个对立语法范畴，然而汉语的名词和动词间不存在类似的关系，二者分别对应指称语和陈述语，因而更切合语用范畴。此外，汉语的名词构成一个大类，包含动词。换句话说，汉语是一种名动包含的格局，动词实质上是兼有动词性的名词，即“动名词”。本文从认识方式、语言类型、语法化、哲学背景、词类的实验研究等诸方面论证汉语的这一特点。

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