A Cognitive Treatment of Aspect in Japanese to Chinese Machine
日中机器翻译系统之时貌认知处理　
June-Jie Kuo 郭俊桔; Miao-Ling Hsieh 谢妙玲

Abstract 摘要
Sentential aspect is the integrated function of lexical main verbs, aspect makers, adverbials, subjects and objects, and other syntactic constituents. The present approach represents sentential aspect by situation types and further distinctions of aspectual meaning. Situation types are the basic categorizations of situations that people make on the basis of their perceptual and cognitive faculties. Seven situation types are distinguished in this article, including events (accomplishments, processes, achievements and activities), states, habitual and genetics. Accomplishments and achievements express perfectly, whereas others express imperfectly. Perfection and Imperfections can be further distinguished into subdivision such as telic and perfective, and habitual, delimitative and continuous respectively. Based on the situation type and the further distinctions of aspectual meaning of a source language, the generation of verbs, aspect markers, and adverbials for a target language can be properly made. In this paper, the translation of aspect from Japanese to Chinese is described in detail. The problem of several aspect markers occurring together in a sentence is also discussed.

句时貌是一种综合解析句中主动词，时貌记号，副词，主词，受词和其它构句要素的时貌意义函数而非只考虑主动词之时貌意义的动词时貌。本研究以情况形态（situation types）和时貌解释细分类（further distinction of aspect meaning）来表示句中之时貌，情况形态是人类对于发生事件的时貌性质基于其本身之认知和理解力所做的情况分类。本论文中使用事件，状态，习惯和一般来表示情况形态，时间又可以依其有无作主再细分为达到，过程，达成和动作。其中，达到和达成是表示完成的时貌解释，然而其它的情况则表示非完成的时貌解释。进一步，完成的时貌解释又可以被细分为结束，经验和完成；非完成的时貌解释则被细分为习惯，进行，继续，开始和反复等。为了验证上述提案方法的有效性和进步性，本文中以日中机器翻译之时貌处理为例，并讨论解析句中同时出现多数个时貌记号之问题点和相关解决方法。