國家機關

中央國家機構包括：

1. 全國人民代表大會 The National People’s Congress (NPC)
   最高國家權力機關。全國人大每屆任期五年，每年舉行一次會議。主要職責包括行使國家立法權、選舉及任命最高國家機關領導，包括全國人大常委成員、國家主席、副主席，國務院總理及其他組成人員、中央軍事委員會主席等及其他組成人，最高人民法院院長，最高人民檢察院檢察長。
   It is the highest state organ. Its term of office is 5 years and holds a meeting every year. Its major responsibilities include enacting and amending state laws, electing and appointing leaders in other state organs, which include members of the Standing Committee of NPC, the President, the Vice-President, the Premier and other members of the State Council, the Chairperson and other members of the Central Military Commission, the President of the Supreme People’s Court and the Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate.

全國人大常委 The Standing Committee of NPC
由委員長、副委員長、秘書長和委員組成，負責在全國大閉會期間行使國家權力。
It is composed of the Chairman, Vice-Chairpersons, Secretary-general and members. It executes state power when NPC is not in session.

3. 國家主席 Presidency
   程序上，國家主席須根據全國人大及其常務委員會的決定執行各職務，包括公佈法律、任免國務院組成人員和發佈命令。國家主席代表國家接受外國使節，負責派遣和召回駐外全權代表，批准和廢除對外條約和重要協定。
   The President exercises the power of the head of state according to decisions by the NPC and its Standing Committee. These include promulgating statues, appointing and dismissing members of the State Council and issuing orders. The President, on behalf of the country, receives foreign diplomatic representatives, appoints and recalls plenipotentiary representatives abroad, ratifies or abrogates treaties and important agreements.
   相關資料：歷任國家主席

4. 國務院和地方各級人民政府 The State Council and local government
   即中央人民政府，屬最高國家行政機關；由總理、副總理、國務委員、各部部長、委員會主任、審計長和秘書長組成。國務院負責執行全國人大及其常委制定的法律和決議。國務院有權在它的職權範圍內擬訂行政措施，制定和發佈有關法規和決定。
   The State Council is the highest administrative organ of the state. It is composed of the Premier, the Vice-Premier, State Councilors, Ministers, Directors of Commissions, Auditor-general and Secretary-general. The State Council executes statues and decisions made by the NPC and its Standing Committee. It has the power to draft administrative rules, to make and to promulgate related decrees and decisions.
   相關資料：歷任國務院總理

5. 國家中央軍事委員會 The Central Military Commission
   國家軍事領導機關，由主席、副主席和委員組成。國家中央軍委負責統率全國武裝力量，包括人民解放軍、武裝員警部隊和民兵。
   It is the military organ of the state. It is composed of the Chairman, Vice-Chairmen and other commissioners. It commands all military forces the country including PLA, military police and militias.

6. 最高人民檢察院 The Supreme People's Procuratorate
   國家法律監督機關，負責行使檢察權。檢察範圍包括叛國案、分裂國家案和其他重大犯罪案件。人民檢察院亦負責審查公安機關偵察的案件，就是否逮捕或起訴作出決定；同時亦監督各公安機關、人民法院和監獄、看守所、勞動改造機關的活動，確保其程序之合法性。
   It is the legal supervisory organ of the state that executes right of prosecution. The scope of prosecution includes treason, nation secession and other major crimes. It also examines cases under investigation by the public security bureau and makes decision on arrestment and prosecution. Moreover, it examines the works of the police, the courts, prisons, detention centers and organs of forced labor reform to ensure that they follow the legal procedures.

7. 最高人民法院 Supreme People's Court
   國家審判機關，屬最高審判機關，負責監督地方各級人民法院和軍事法院等專門人民法院的審判工作。
   It is the highest judiciary organ of the state that supervises the work of local people’s court in all levels, military courts and specialized courts.

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