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Pew Global Attitudes Project ¦b2003¦~ Views of a Changing Worldªº½Õ¬d¤]µo²{¡A¹q¼v¡B¹qµø¡B­µ¼Öµ¥¤å¤Æ²£«~¦b¥@¬É¥«³õªº¬y°Ê¤j¤j´£°ª(¹Ï¤@)¡C¤µ®É¤µ¤é¡A°ò¥»¤W¤£¦P¦a¤èªº¤H³£®ø¶OµÛ¬ÛÃþ¦üªº¤å¤Æ²£«~¡C¨ä¤¤²ü§õ¬¡ªº¹q¼v¦b¥@¬É¨üÅwªïµ{«×¤é¯q¼W¥[´N¬O³Ì©úÅ㪺¨Ò¤l(ªí1)¡C


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Table 2: McDonalds Restaurants: Number by Region, 1991 &1996

Region

1991

1996

Latin America

212

837

South Asia

0

3

South East Asia

113

409

East Asia

123

489

Arab States

0

69

Sub-Saharan Africa

0

17

Developing Countries

448

1,824

Industrial Countries

11,970

19,198

World

12,418

21,022

 

Source: www.globalpolicy.com


 

³oºØ¥H¸ó°ê¥ø·~¥D¾É¡A¥H¥«³õÂX±i¬°¥Ø¼Ðªº¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¡A¹ï¥@¬É¦U¦aªº©~¥Áªº©T¦³¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡A¥H¦Ü©ó¤p°Ó¤áªº¦ÛÀç§@·~³£¬Æ¬°¤£§Q¡ATurning Point Project ´N«ü¥X¡G

 

¡§¥@ ¬É¤W©Ò¦³ªº¦a¤è³£¶}©l³v¨B¿Ä¦X¡C¦bªk°ê¶m§ø¡A·í¦aªº¨Å¹T¹A³õ³Q¤j«¬ªº¹A·~ºî¦X¥ø·~©Ò§]¨Ö¡C¦b­^®æÄõ¤@¨Ç¶m§øªº¤p«°Âí¡A°ª³t¤½¸ôªº­×«Ø¨Ã¥¼ÅU¤Î¤½衆ªº¤Ï¹ï¡A Τ¨½®qªº½_¥ÐÅܦ¨¤F°s©±¡A¤é¥»ªº¤p«¬¹A³õ¦¨爲¤F°ª¯ÅºÞ²z¤H­ûªº°ªº¸¤Ò²y³õ¡C¥@¬É¦U¦a¡A¥]¬A¬ü°êªº¤p«¬¥ø·~¤Î¹s°â°Ó³£¬°§Kµ|ªº¹q¤l°Ó°È©ÒÅX°Ê¡A¦Ó¹q¤l°Ó°È¤] ¥i¯à«Ü§Ö·|³Q¥@¶T²Õ´³W½d¤Æ¡B¨î«×¤Æ¡C¦b·N¤j§Q¨º¤£°Ç´µªº§ø²ø¸Ì¡A¼s§iµP¤W±i¶KµÛSylvester Stalloneªº¼s§i¡A°Ó©±¸Ì¾P°âµÛªÝ¤ñ«½«½¡A¹qµø¤¤¼½©ñµÛJay Leno¡]¬ü°ê¦W¹qµø¸`¥Ø¥D«ù¤H¡^¡C¡¨

 

        ¨ä¹ê¡A³o¤]´N¬O«P½Ð¤j®a¥h«ä¦Ò¡A¬O§_¯u¤ß¤ä«ù³o¼Ëªº¥þ²y¤Æµo®i¡C¥@¬É¤W¨C­Ó¦a¤è³£¦bÅܱo¶V¨Ó¶V¬Û¹³¡AºCºC§Î¦¨³æ¤@ªº¥þ²y¤å¤Æ¡C´N³s§Ú­Ì®È¦æ¤]©êµÛ¤@ºØ¤ßºA¡G¡u¦b¨º­Ó¦a¤è®ø¥¢¤§«e»°§Ö¥h§a¡C¡v³æ¤@ªº¥þ²y¤å¤Æ¯u¬O§Ú­Ì©Ò©Ò´Á±æªº¤@ºØ¥@¬É¯´§Ç¡H



3.2¥@¬É¤å¤Æ¦h¤¸©Ê¤U­°

²³¦h½×ªÌ«ü¥X¦P½è¤Æ¬O¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªº¥D­nÁͶաA»{¬°³o¬O¶Ç²Î¤å¤Æ³Q«I²¤¡A¥@¬É³Q±e«U¤Æªº¥«³õ¥D¸q¡B®ø¶O¥D¸q¡Bª«½è¥D¸q²T»\¡A§ó¬Æ·|ºt¤Æ¦¨¤£¦P¤å¤Æ¤§¶¡ªº¹ï«Ï©M½Ä¬ð¡C¨ä¹êSamuel Huntingtonªº¡mThe Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order¡n«Ü¯à¥Nªí³oºØ¾á¼~¡A«ü¥X¤å¤Æ¤§¶¡ªº½Ä¬ð¬Æ¦Ü·|ºt¤Æ¦¨ªZ¸Ë½Ä¬ð¡C¨ä¤¤¨â¤j°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O¶Ç²Î¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¥Í¬¡ªº¥¢¸¨¡A¥H¤Î°Ó·~¥D¸q©M®ø¶O¥D¸qªº¤J«I¡C

 

 

 

Benjamin R. Barberªº¡mJihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism Are Reshaping the World¡n¤@®Ñ¡A´N«ü¥X¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¤¤¥H¬ü°ê¬°­ºªº¸ê¥»¥D¸q¹ï¥@¬É¦U¦aÂX±iªº¤@­±¡C¨ä¤¤¤@¬q´N«Ü¯àªí¹F·í¤¤ªº§t·N¡G

 

¡§¤@¨Ç¬ü°ê¤j«¬®ø¶O«~µP¡A¨Ò¦pCoca-Cola¡AMarlboro¡AKFC¡ANike¡AHershey¡ALevi¡¦s¡APepsi¡AWrigley¡AMcDonald¡¦sµ¥¡A¦b±À¾P²£«~ªº¦P®É¡A¨ä¹ê¤]¦b±À¾PµÛ¬ü°ê¡A¥]¬A¬ü°êªº¬y¦æ¤å¤Æ¡B¬ü°êªºÁcµØ¡B¬ü°êªº§Î¶H¡B¥H¦Ü©ó¬ü°êªººë¯«¡K ¡K¥«³õ¶R½æªº¤£¥u¬O³fª«¥»¨­¡A¦Ó¬O³fª«©Ò¥Nªíªº·N©À¡C¤j®a©Ò¶Rªº¤£¥u¬O¥Í¬¡©Ò»Ý¡A¦Ó¬O¥Í¬¡ºA«×¡C³oºØ¦b¥«³õ¤W¶R½æªº¥Í¬¡ºA«×¡A¥»½è¤W¬O·½©ó¬ü°êªº¡A«o©¹©¹·|³Q¬Ý«Ý¬°¥þ²y¦@¦³¡A³o­Ó¤]¬O¤j¥ø·~©Ò·Q­nªº¡A¦]¬°¥¦­Ì³£·QÀç³y¥X¤@ºØ®ðª^¡X¤j®a³£¬O¥Í¬¡¦b¤@­Ó¬Û¦Pªº¥@¬É¤W¡C¡¨ (p. 60-61)

 

 

Benjamin R. Barber´N¬O­n«ü¥X·í«e¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ·í¤¤¤å¤Æ«I²¤(Cultural Imperialism)ªº°ÝÃD¡C¥L©ÒÁ¿ªº¡§McWorld¡¨¡A´N¬O«ü¥X¸ê¥»¥D¸q¡B®ø¶O¥D¸q¥O¥@¬É¦U¦a¤£¦Pªº¤H³£³Q§ë©ñ¦b³æ¤@ªº°Ó«~¥«³õ¤§¤¤¡A¥H¬ü°ê¬°­ºªº¦è¤è´¶¤Î¤å¤Æ´N¥H°Ó«~¥«³õÂX±iªº¤è¦¡¤J«I¦U¦aªº¤å¤Æ¥Í¬¡¡A¨ä§Î¦¡¥]¬A­µ¼Ö¡B¹q¼v¡B¹qµøµ¥µ¥¡A¥O¥@¬É¦U¦aªº«~¨ý·U¨Ó·U¶É¦V¬ü°êªº¼Ð·Ç¡C

 

Table 3: World Languages in Danger of Extinction, 2000

Region

Total Living Languages

Percentage of World Total

Percentage with Fewer than 10,000 Speakers

The Americas

1,013

15%

-

-North America

-

-

78%

-South America

-

-

77%

-Central America

-

-

36%

Africa

2,058

30%

33%

Europe

230

3%

30%

Asia

2,197

32%

53%

The Pacific

1,311

19%

93%

World

6,809

100%

59%

 

Source: www.globalpolicy.com


 

3.3 ®ø¶O¥D¸q¤Uªº°Ó«~¤Æ©M±e«U¤Æ

¥H¥«³õ¬°°ò¦ªº¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¤£¦ý¥O¥@¬É¤£¦P¦a¤èªº¤å¤Æ¦h¤¸©Ê´î¤Ö¡A§ó¥O¥þ²y¤å¤Æ¨«¦V°Ó«~¤Æªº¤è¦V¡A¥H¸ê¥»¥D¸q¬°¥Ø¼Ð¡C²{¦bªº¤å¤Æ¨ÏªÌ¤£¬O²ï¤h¤ñ¨Èªº½g³¹¡A§ó¤£¬O²ö¥¾¯Sªº¼Ö³¹¡A¦Ó¬O¥H±e«Uªº·N©ÀÀç¾Pªº°Ó·~²£«~¡A¤S©Î¥H¡mTitanic¡nµ¥°Ó·~¹q¼v¬°ÂÅ¥»ªº®T¼Ö¡C

 

®Ú¾Ú³o­ÓÆ[ÂI¡A¤å¤Æªº¥þ²y¤Æ¨ä¹ê¬O¶ì³y¤@ºØ¥þ²y©Êªº®ø¶OªÌ¡CÀHµÛ¸ê¥»¥D¸qªº¥þ²y©ÊÂX±i¡A¬°¤F¼W¥[®ø¶O¡A¬°¤F½T«O¥ø·~ªºÀç§Q¼Wªø¡A³z¹L¤å¤Æ¤u·~¡]¦p¶Ç´C¡^°ö¨|¥X»P¥ø·~¥Í²£¬Û§k¦Xªº»Ý­n©M¹ï®ø¶O¥D¸qªº¼ö°J¡C¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ´NÅܦ¨¤F°ö¨|®ø¶O¥D¸qªº»ù­ÈÆ[©À©M¦æ¬°¼Ò¦¡¡C

 

 

 

¥þ²y¤Æªº¤O¶q¨ä¹ê¥¿¦b¦P¤Æ¥@¬É¦U¦aªº¥»¤g¤å¤Æ¡A¦b³\¦h¥Í¬¡¥²»Ý«~ÁÙ¤£¨¬ªº§ø¸¨¸Ì¡A¤H­Ì«o¥i¥H¦¬¬Ý½Ã¬P¹q¼v¡B­µ¼Ö¹qµø¡]MTV¡^¡B¦³½u¹qµø©Ò¼½©ñªº¸ê°T¡C®ø¶O¥D¸q¥¿¦V¶V¨Ó¶V¦hªº»â°ì«I²¤¡C¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¥O¤å¤Æ³Q¥«³õ¤Æ¤F¡B°Ó«~¤Æ¤F¡CJeremy Seabrook¦b ¡§The Racketeers of Illusion¡¨¤@¤å¤¤¡A´N«ü¥X¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¡A¥O¥@¬É¤å¤Æ³£¦V¦P¤@¤è¦V¶iµo¡X°Ó«~¤Æ©M¥«³õ¤Æ¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦è¤èªº¸t½Ï¸`¡A¨ä­ì¨Óªº©v±Ð¶H¼x¤v¸gº¥º¥²HÁ¡¡A³o­Ó¸`¤é³QºtÅܦ¨¤@­Ó®ø¶Oªº¤é¤l¡AÁöµM¤j®a¤´µM¦b¼y¯¬³o­Ó¸`¤é¡A¤£¹L³o­Ó¸`¤é¹ï¥«³õ±À¼s¤]³\§ó§Î­«­n¡C

 

¤@¨Ç¬ü°êªº«~µP (logo)¡A¦V¥þ²y¶i­x¡A¨Ò¦pCNN¡BCola Cola ¡BMcDonald¡¦s¡BLevi¡¦s¡BNike¡BDisneyµ¥µ¥¡C³o¨Ç«~µP¥Nªí覑¤@¨t¦Cªº¤å¤Æ·N¸q¡A©Ò±À¾Pªº¤£¥u¬O²£«~¥»¨­¡A§ó¥[¬O«~µP«áªº¤@¨Ç·N©À©M¤å¤Æ»ù­È¡A¬O¤@­Ó¸ê¥»¥D¸qªº§Î¶H¡B¤@­Ó¥Rº¡ª«½è©M®ø¶Oªº¥«³õ§Î¶H¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¥i¤f¥i¼Ö¦b60¦~¥N¤w¸g«Å´­·R»P©M¥­¡ANike´N«Å´­¡§Just Do It¡¨ªºÄvª§ºë¯«¡ADisney«Å´­¡u¬ü°ê¹Ú¡v¡C

 

 



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Pew Global Attitudes Projectªº¤@¨Ç½Õ¬dµ²ªG¡A¦³§U§Ú­Ì¤Ï«ä¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªº¤@¨Ç­±¦V¡C¹ï¶i¤f¤å¤Æ²£«~¡]¹qµø¡B¹q¼v¡B­µ¼Ö¡^¬O¦n¬OÃaªººA«×¡A¤£¦P°ê®a¡]¹Ï3¡^©M¤£¦P¦~ÄÖ¡]¹Ï4¡^ªº¤H´N¦³«Ü¤j¤Àª[¡A¹ï¶Ç²Î¤å¤Æ³Q°Ó·~¥D¸q¡B®ø¶O¥D¸qªº¤J«Iªº°ÝÃD¡]¹Ï5¡^¡A¤]¦b¤£¤Ö°ê®a¤Þ°_¬Û·í¤jªºÃöª`¡C

 

 

 

¹Ï3.

 

 

Âà¸ü¦ÛPew Global Attitudes Project. 2003. Views of a Changing World.

 

 

 

¹Ï4.

 

 

Âà¸ü¦ÛPew Global Attitudes Project. 2003. Views of a Changing World.

 

 

¹Ï5.

 

 

Âà¸ü¦ÛPew Global Attitudes Project. 2003. Views of a Changing World.




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Cowen, Tyler. 2002. Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing the World¡¦s Culture. Princeton University Press.

 

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