Readers 读者
Strengthening of fricatives in language acquisition and lexical borrowing: The case of Sino-Vietnamese
语言习得和语言借用中摩擦音的闭塞音化—以越南汉字音为实例
Youngjun Jang 张荣俊
Abstract 摘要
The purpose of this article is to propose and prove that the well-known theory of markedness in language acquisition is also working in lexical borrowing. Principles of first language acquisition have widely been attested to operate in second language and/or foreign language acquisition. However, not much attention has been paid to the comparison between first language acquisition and lexical borrowing, although lexical borrowing also clearly involves similar processes and/or principles of foreign language acquisition in various forms. Specifically, we will show that fricatives of source language are changed to stops in target language, in parallel with the well-known phonological process that fricatives are realized as stops and that they are acquired later than stops in first language acquisition. Supporting evidence is provided from the comparison between general language acquisition data and strengthening of fricatives found in the lexical borrowing from Chinese by Vietnamese. In so doing, we will compare the alveolar fricatives in Chinese and their borrowed forms in Sino-Vietnamese and Sino-Korean.
本论文提出并证明在语言习得中被人所熟悉的标记理论也可以运用到语言借用中去。母语习得时采用的原则已经被广泛证实会在第二语言/外语习得中被使用；然而，语言借用有着相似的处理和原则，所以母语习得和外语借用间的比较一直不被人重视。具体来说，我们将指出起源语言中的摩擦音在目标语言中会变成塞音，这就相当于众所周知的音韵处理过程，即摩擦音被意识成塞音，它们在母语习得中比起塞音会较晚被习得。比较一般语言习得的资料和在越南语中借用中文时摩擦音发生闭塞的现象，我们可以从中得到证据。所以，我们将会比较现代汉语中的舌尖齿龈摩擦音和它们在越南汉字音和韩语汉字音中的被借用形式。
Keywords 关键词
Lexical borrowing 语言借用 language acquisition 语言习得 Sino-Vietnamese 越南汉字音 Sino-Korean Chinese 韩语汉字音 Stop Strengthening of fricative 摩擦音的闭塞 Fricativestop change 摩擦音塞音的转换