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這呼應了電影的第一幕:年輕的濤兒和一群朋友笑得燦爛,
在Pet Shop Boys的DISCO舞曲《Go West》下賣力跳著舞。
青春的騷動總會過去,我們終究要由群舞走向獨舞。即使
我們未必經歷同樣的社會變遷,但人面對的共同命運,足
以令人感觸落淚。
也許就如賈樟柯在 2006 年說:「個人生命的印記、經驗,
把它講述出來就有力量。」那力量足以令人動容,這是生
而為人的共鳴。本科生,一路走來,你們很快會懂。
I could not help but cry after watching Jia Zhangke’s
Mountains May Depart
. This was perhaps due to my familiarity
with the history of the multi-award-winning director, whose
accomplishments include being the first person of Chinese
descent to be awarded the Carrosse d’Or at Cannes. Life is
fair nonetheless, and Jia’s creative journey in cinema was
not without its trials and tribulations. To this day, he is
still searching for the answer to the question: What really
matters? Renowned Taiwanese Director Hou Hsiao-hsien once
commented that he felt Jia tried to manifest all of his ideas at
once after gaining recognition through
Xiao Wu
. This resulted
in forced and hasty works which focused on space and form,
while people were “put aside”. However, the human aspect
returned in
Still Life
– upon seeing people taking the village
of Fengjie apart brick by brick in order to build the Three
Gorges Dam, something stirred within him. And so, he was
back at square one. The director is not only concerned about
marginalised individuals, but human beings as a whole. As he
stated in an interview in 2015, “My entire focus is on the fates,
emotional lives, and transitions of people.” The depictions of
nostalgic sentiments toward native land in Jia’s films elicit
melancholy, yet are precious at the same time – not necessarily
in terms of documenting “brick by brick” social changes, but
rather how individuals survive such phenomena. Quoting his
own words, “Power comes from telling the stories of people’s
experiences.” This power has the ability to move hearts,
creating resonance among human beings.
文:
鍾嘉瑩
By Chung Ka Ying
《山河故人》上映時,我是和幾個本科生一同去看的。劇
終了,我忍不住流淚。我清楚記得他們的反應:他們不明
白,為何我哭紅了眼。
於他們而言,這可能只是一門電影課的其中一節。他們不
明白我受這部電影觸動的原因,可能對導演賈樟柯也所知
不多。46 歲的賈導手持的是一張亮麗履歷:畢業於北京電
影學院文學系,在1997年已憑著編導的《小武》備受注目,
連同《站台》(2000)和《任逍遙》(2002),都在他的
家鄉山西拍攝,並稱「故鄉三部曲」。他在國際電影節屢
獲殊榮,包括以《三峽好人》(2006)奪得威尼斯金獅獎;
憑《天注定》(2013)榮獲康城最佳劇本獎;更在 2015 年
獲康城影展導演雙週單元頒發終身成就獎,是華人導演的
第一人⋯⋯
不過,上天也許始終公平。大導如賈樟柯,在電影創作路
上,同樣經歷琢磨的鈍痛。一路走來,跌跌碰碰。風光背
後,仍在尋覓一個答案:真正在意的是什麼? 2006 年,他
與侯孝賢對談時,侯導說感覺他在《小武》受到重視後,
太想把所有念頭都呈現出來,於是「把人放到一邊」,專
注在空間、形式上,卻是用力、著急了。但到了《三峽好
人》,「活生生的人」又回來了。賈樟柯回說,他到了三
峽的廢墟,看著那裡的人「用手一塊磚、一塊磚拆」,城
市就此拆毀消失,一顆心就此被他們觸動,「我在大都市
裡耗掉的野性、血性,回去一碰,又點著了。」
於是,又回到最初的起點。由《小武》的扒手、《天注定》
以生命作反抗的社會底層,到了《山河故人》這個以三角
戀展開的故事,三人一路走來,在這道社會階梯面前,其
中兩個往上攀,剩下那個往下爬,賈樟柯關注的不只是邊
緣人,而是人本身,正如他在 2015 年的訪問中所言:「我
的全部注意力都在人們的命運上,都在人們的情感生活上,
是人在遷移。」
一路走來、歷經琢磨,真正重要的終於顯現。賈樟柯電影
承載的故土情懷,固然令人唏噓,但珍貴的未必是「用手
一塊磚、一塊磚拆」的社會變動,而是經歷變動當下的個
體如何活著。他看重的是個體的命運。
城市也許面目全非,也許物是人非。在《山河故人》的最
後一幕中,濤兒已經老了,她是電影中唯一一個沒有離開
過的人。她走出家門,舊塔歷經多年仍屹立不倒,只是物
是人非。在白雪下,她背對舊塔,一個人跳起舞來。
活生生的人,是賈樟柯電影的力量
The Power of the Living Human Being